EGovernment @Wikipedia
TechnologiesWhile eGovernment is often thought of as "online government" or "Internet based government"—many non-Internet based "electronic government" issues exist under the eGovernment heading. Similarly, not all Internet-related eGovernment is about government websites.
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Non-Internet technologies of eGovernment
Non-Internet technologies used in eGovernment include:
Telephone and telecommunications issues in a government context, including:
the provision of government services by telephone (such as in call centers)
the use of fax in the provision of government services and the conduct of government business
the use of mobile phone (and PDA) based communications technology (such as SMS text messaging and MMS as well as 3G, GPRS, WiFi, WiMAX and Bluetooth) in the provision of (and as a means of access to) government services and the conduct of government business
general Government IT, which is now starting to be reclassified as eGovernment, in many cases because it is becoming ever more difficult to disentangle internal (i.e. non-"citizen-facing") IT resources and projects (which have hitherto mostly not been seen as part of eGovernment) from external (and thus mostly already seen as eGovernment) service provision. This reclassification is by no means universal and is often controversial.
Surveillance systems, CCTV, tracking systems, RFID, biometric identification, road traffic management and regulatory enforcement
Identity cards, smart cards and other NFC applications
Polling station technology (where non-online e-voting is being considered)
TV and radio-based delivery of government services (this often has a crossover with the Internet, but also includes many non-Internet based aspects and projects such as Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) Digital TV and High Definition TV (HDTV) provision)
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Non-website-specific aspects of Internet-based eGovernment
Aspects of Internet-based eGovernment that aren't specific to websites include:
the use of email in the provision of government services and the conduct of government business
the use of online community facilities, such as message boards, newsgroups and electronic mailing lists
the use of real-time Internet facilities, such as online chat and instant messaging technologies
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Development and implementation issues
The development and implementation of eGovernment involves a wide range of issues:
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Sociological and environmental issues
environmental effect
social effect
effect on crime
cultural effect
public education (concerning the availability of eGovernment services, but also adequacy of skills, confidence, interest and choices, also e-learning issues)
education policy (including the effect of eGovernment upon non-eGovernment education issues)
effect on social cohesion
effect on single issue politics
effect on consumer advocacy
effect on consumer choice
effect on lifestyle
effect on population distribution
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Social justice, equality and inclusion issues
gender issues of eGovernment (e.g., "women in IT")
age related issues in eGovernment (e.g., online pension payment, special provision for the elderly)
effect on multilingual information provision
effect on cultural diversity
effect on literacy, numeracy, education standards and IT literacy
effect on minorities
importance of every single individual person on e-verdict
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Socioeconomic issues
Digital divide: The effect of non-use, non-availability or inaccessibility of eGovernment, or of other digital resources, upon the structure of society
effect on wealth distribution
effect on economic migration
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Democracy issues
use of online consultation
e-democracy and e-citizenship
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Technology issues
e-enablement
transactional services / e-Services
interoperability (e.g., e-GIF) and semantic web issues
"legacy technology" (making "pre-eGovernment IT" work together with or be replaced by eGovernment systems)
technology policy effect, including choices between open source and proprietary software, choices between different programming languages choices between different microprocessor technologies, choices between different networking technologies
political blogging especially by legislators
GIS (Geographical Information Systems)—"spatial data" systems (mapping and location data) in government and GIS interoperability
eGovernment CRM (Customer Relationship Management, or perhaps "Citizen Relationship Management", or even "Consumer Relationship Management")
government intranets and extranets
mobile government or m-government
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Management issues
service integration
local eGovernment
Internet governance including ICANN, IETF and W3C
assessment and benchmarking of government websites and e-services
e-management
e-publishing
e-readiness —preparedness for meeting eGovernment implementation/availability deadlines
marketing of eGovernment, both online and offline, in order to raise public awareness of and increase attractiveness and use of eGovernment and well as the use of online marketing (e-marketing) to promote both eGovernment and non-eGovernment public services
effect on bureaucracy / waste / "employment flexibility"
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Organisational issues
international egovernment (including pan-national, trans-national, multinational and world eGovernment)
effect on civil service jobs / job cuts / change of roles
centralisation (of government, public services and eGovernment)
decentralisation (of government, public services and eGovernment)
self government
effect on government departmental structure, compartmentalisation/integration
effect upon geopolitical boundaries
effect on regional autonomy
e-recruitment including eGovernment impact on public and private staff hiring practices, offline and online
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Financial issues
cost of implementation / effect on existing budgets
effect on government procurement (including but not restricted to e-procurement issues)
funding—effect of eGovernment on government funding processes and also funding of e-government projects
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Administration issues
e-Administration
e-records including eGovernment impact on census issues and record preservation
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Adoption issues
"rate of take up" of eGovernment services
broadband provision and its effect rate of take up of eGovernment services
accessibility (impediments to take up of eGovernment services, especially through disability, but also through geography, cost, and public education as well as any shortcomings in the design and implementation of eGovernment service
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Political issues
political effect
effect on diplomacy and consular functions
e-campaigning (including election fundraising)
political disintermediation
effect on party politics
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Legal issues
legislative effect
freedom of information
privacy (e.g. UK Data Protection Act)
effect on broadcast and telecommunications legislation
anti-spam legislation
telemarketing legislation
effect on civil liberties and personal freedom
effect on government constitutions, constitutionalism
effect on treaties
effect on sovereignty
effect on the legal system and the judiciary
e-justice
e-verdict
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Policy issues
science policy effect
health and safety policy (effect of eGovernment upon work practices, the health industry) and also e-health issues like Internet addiction, stress, work-life balance
effect on housing and planning (zoning) policy (relevant to homeworking and commuting issues)
effect on government transparency, scrutiny, review processes
impact on arts policy—how do recent technological changes influence the commitment of government to support the provision of artistic and cultural resources to the public, how do those changes shape the scope and character of such support?
effect on transport policy (e.g., telecommuting issues)
effect on human rights, human rights legislation
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Economic and business issues
effect on taxation (including e-taxes)
effect on government revenues, debt, Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
effect of eGovernment on commerce and trade (e.g., public vs. private resourcing)
effect on corporate governance (e.g., the Sarbanes-Oxley Act)
effect on Internet Service Providers and Internet infrastructure
effect upon (non-eGovernment) business practices, industry and trade
effect on "free at the point of use" vs. chargeable public services
effect on organised labour (trades unions)
effect on Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs)
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See also
Electronic services delivery
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References
I. Kushchu and M. H. Kuscu. (2003). "From e-Government to m-Government: Facing the Inevitable". The 3rd European Conference on e-Government, 253-260. (The paper as a .pdf)
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External links
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eGovernment news websites
K-Government Blog — Topics related to ICT application on public administration.
Propolis Club — Resources, blogs, news, interviews, reports and more about e-government in Spanish.
David Fletcher's Government and Technology Weblog — News and issues related to eGovernment.
Development Gateway's e-Government Page — Depository of various e-government resources.
eGov monitor — Daily news covering developments in UK and Europe, plus comprehensive weekly newsletter.
Federal Computer Week — FCW eGovernment coverage is comprehensive, US based.
Gotzeblogged — Blogging e-government, e-democracy and other e's.
Government Computer News — GCN eGovernment coverage is comprehensive, US based.
Kablenet — eGovernment coverage is comprehensive, especially UK.
SupportInsight has an eGovernment sub-site, eGovernment coverage is international.
UNPAN eGovernment News — news from UN Division for Public Administration on eGovernment worldwide.
Journal of E-Government — Journal of E-Government is a new professional journal.
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Solution Providers
Comat Technologies — Bangalore based eGovernance Solutions Provider
COSA government — eGovernment Solution Company
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Official eGovernment sites
Good Practice Framework — eGovernment-Community of the European Union
eGovernment Unit— Part of the United Kingdom Civil Service. See also the UK Government's Chief Information Officer site.[1]
Irish eGovernment
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Research and education
Section for Information Technology and Administrative Systems at the University of Oslo — Research and education (bachelor and master degrees) on eGovernment. Focuses on privacy issues, information security and regulations.
[http://www.egov2005conference.gov.uk Transforming Public Services An EU ministerial eGovernment conference held in November 2005. Organised by the UK's e-Government Unit. Also hosted an awards competition
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Unofficial eGovernment sites
Action Network BBC's website for discussion and collaboration relating to UK government.
Bsay.co.uk A website where people have a voice to say how the country should be run in the UK.
E-Government in Belarus
Ideal Government UK e-government blog with discussions on general e-government topics as well as the UK's Transformational Government strategy
Ideal Government Europe Sub site of Ideal Government with a wider geographic coverage
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Miscellaneous
Government Computerization in the Open Directory Project
European Commission's IDABC website providing eGovernment news, summarised histories of eGovernment in member states, and further documents and information.
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